Application of two-photon imaging technology in the repair evaluation of radiation-induced skin injury in rats / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To evaluate the skin development and repair process of X-ray radiation damage in rat with non-invasive two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging technology in vivo. Methods:Totally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups including X-ray irradiated group (25, 35 and 45 Gy) and non-irradiation control group. At different times after irradiation, the degree of skin injury was evaluated, and the pathological changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and collagen fiber fluorescence signals in epidermal cells were detected in vivo by TPEF imaging technology. Results:At 10 d post-irradiation, the skin of irradiation groups showed erythema and desquamation. At 15-20 d post-irradiation, the skin of radiation groups developed progressive exudation, edema and ulcers with increasing radiation dose. On day 25, the skin began to repair in the 25 Gy group, however, the skin of other groups still had exudation and ulcers. On day 10, NAD(P)H fluorescence signal in epidermal cells of irradiation groups decreased and the fluorescence signal of collagen fibers in papillary layer and reticular layer of irradiation groups reduced, which were significantly lower than that of normal control group ( t=24.145, 28.303, 26.989, 6.654, 7.510, 7.997, P<0.05). On day 30, fluorescence signal of NAD(P)H and collagen fibers in epidermal cells and dermis began to repair, the cell from stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale in the 25 Gy group showed fluorescence signal, the other groups did not show. The fluorescence signal of collagen fibers in the 25 Gy group were gradually increased in papillary layer and reticular layer, however, they were significantly lower than normal control group ( t=115.133, 17.431, P<0.05), the skin of 45 Gy group did not show fluorescence signal of collagen fibers. Conclusions:The damage and repair process of epidermal cells and dermal collagen fiber can be detected noninvasively by TPEF imaging technology after X-ray irradiation in vivo.

Biomimetic restoration and regeneration of dentin and cementum / 口腔疾病防治

@#Dental hard tissues lack the ability to self-heal. In dentin and cementum, hydroxyapatite (HA) can exist outside and/or inside collagen fibers. It is difficult to repair or regenerate HA with a highly ordered orientation in the presence of collagen fibers. At present, the biomimetic mineralization of dentin and cementum, mainly carried out by imitating its biological formation process and its physiological structure, can be divided into those originating from the fiber mineralization mechanism and those with HA as the main component. The materials used include natural materials such as demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) and calcined bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA), and synthetic materials such as polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) and synthetic HA. In the future, natural materials and synthetic materials should be combined for the restoration and regeneration of dentin and cementum by means of biomimetic mineralization of calcium phosphate released by remineralization solution-HA.

Effects of Collagen Fiber Bundle on Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effects of collagen fiber bundle on mechanical properties of articular cartilage, so as to provide references for clinicians to guide the rehabilitation of patients with early cartilage injury. Methods The two-dimensional (2D) numerical model of fiber-reinforced porous viscoelasticity was established, with consideration of the relationship of fiber distribution, elastic modulus, porosity and permeability with cartilage depth. The influences from local fracture of the fiber bundle, the progressive fracture from the surface and the fiber bundle size on mechanical properties of the cartilage were studied, and the maximum principle strain of cartilage matrix was obtained. Results The maximum principal strain of the matrix occurred at a position in middle layer of the cartilage, about upper 1/3 of the cartilage, which was not affected by fiber breakage mode and fiber bundle size. The strain of the cartilage with thicker fiber bundles decreased. Conclusions The middle layer of the cartilage was prone to mechanical damage. The thicker fiber bundle could reduce the maximum principal strain of the matrix. Once the fiber bundle broke, the maximum principal strain of the cartilage matrix with thicker fiber bundle became larger, leading to an easier evolution of the cartilage damage.

Effect of Er: YAG laser irradiation on the bonding strength of permanent teeth / 口腔疾病防治

@#The concept of “minimally invasive dentistry” aims to provide conservative treatment of cavities in which sound dentin is removed. Because the Er: YAG laser can selectively remove caries, the smear layer is removed, dentin tubules are exposed after the preparation of substrate conditioning, and its advantages of precision, safety and painlessness are deeply valued. At the same time, the bonding strength between the prepared dentin surface and the filling material is different due to the different parameters of the Er: YAG laser. In this paper, the principle of dentin bonding, the mechanism of Er: YAG laser action, after treatment of dentin with different parameters (power, energy density, pulse duration, and irradiation distance), whether there is thermal damage to pulp tissue, the ultramicro morphology of dentin surface, the bonding properties of different bonding systems and the filling materials between irradiated hard tissues were reviewed. An appropriate parameter range (power ≤ 10 Hz, energy density ≤ 60 mJ, and pulse duration ≤ 50 μs) combined with water spray cooling will not cause thermal damage to the pulp tissue, while the higher power, energy density and pulse duration of laser treatment for dentin will lead to melting, carbonization, cracks, narrowing of the gap between collagen fibers, etc., which will limit the penetration of adhesives and have a negative impact on bonding. However, whether the adhesive systems based on the smear layer are suitable for dentin after laser treatment needs to be further explored.

Swimming training potentiates the recovery of femoral neck strength in young diabetic rats under insulin therapy

OBJECTIVE: To test whether swimming training benefits femoral neck strength in young diabetic rats under insulin therapy. METHODS: A total of 60 male Wistar rats (age: 40 days) were divided equally into the following six groups: control sedentary, control exercise, diabetic sedentary, diabetic exercise, diabetic sedentary plus insulin and diabetic exercise plus insulin. Diabetes was induced with a unique intraperitoneal injection (60 mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin. Seven days after the injection and after 12 hours of fasting, the animals with blood glucose levels ≥300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Seven days after the induction of diabetes, the animals in the exercise groups were subjected to progressive swimming training (final week: 90 min/day; 5 days/week; 5% load) for eight weeks. The animals in the insulin groups received a daily dose of insulin (2-4 U/day) for the same period. RESULTS: Severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes reduced the structural properties of the femoral neck (trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness and collagen fiber content). The femoral neck mechanical properties (maximum load and tenacity) were also impaired in the diabetic rats. Insulin therapy partially reversed the damage induced by diabetes on the structural properties of the bone and mitigated the reductions in the mechanical properties of the bone. The combination of therapies further increased the femoral neck trabecular bone volume (∼30%), trabecular thickness (∼24%), collagen type I (∼19%) and type III (∼13%) fiber contents, maximum load (∼25%) and tenacity (∼14%). CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of swimming training potentiates the recovery of femoral neck strength in young rats with severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes under insulin therapy.

Moxibustion promoted wound healing in rats with full-thickness cutaneous wounds / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of moxibustion intervention on wound healing in rats with full-thickness cutaneous wounds. METHODS: A total of 28 adult SD male rats were randomly assigned to model group and moxibustion group (n＝14 in each one). The skin wound model was established by removal of a piece of full-thickness skin from the median line of the rats' back (about 2 cm below the shoulder blade). Moxibustion intervention was applied to the surrounding area of the focus for 25 min, once daily for 6 days. The wound healing was observed and photographed after each moxibustion intervention. The wound tissues were harvested after transcardiac perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde solution on the 2nd and 7thday after modeling, and stained with H．E. and Masson methods for displaying histopathological changes and collagen fiber growth status, respectively. RESULTS: After modeling, the cutaneous wound was healed gradually in both groups, and the wound area was significantly smaller from the 2nd day to the 5th day in the moxibustion group than in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Correspondingly, the wound closure area was significantly bigger from the 2nd to the 5th day in the moxibustion group than in the model group (P<0.01). H．E. and Masson staining showed that the number of the inflammatory cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophile, etc.) and the collagen fiber area in the local wound tissue of the moxibustion group were significantly bigger than those of the model group on the 2nd day after intervention (P<0.01). After 6 sessions of moxibustion intervention, the number of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the moxibustion group were obviously increased than that in the model group, characterized by closer arrangement of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, more and larger of the new-born blood vessels, and thicker of the scab in the wound area. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion can promote the wound healing by enhancing the growth of collagen fibers and cell proliferation in the traumatic cutaneous area in full-thickness cutaneous wound rats.

Morphological analysis of the elastic and collagen fibers in the ram penis / Análise morfológica de fibras elásticas e colágenas no pênis de ovinos

The penis represents the organ of the male's copulation. It is essential to know the reproductive biology and the morphology of the reproductive organs to increase animal production. In order to contribute to this knowledge and provides information on the ram reproductive morphology, the purpose of this work was to describe the distribution, based on light microscopy, of the collagen and elastic fibers in the ram penis. For that, were collected transverse fragments of the penis (root, sigmoid flexure, body and glans) of seven rams. The specimens were fixed in paraformaldehyde for 24h and destined for the histological routine. The extracellular matrix of the ram penis was composed of collagen and elastic fibers. The penis was enveloped by the tunica albuginea, consisting essentially of collagen fibers, which were arranged in two layers: an outer longitudinal and an inner circular. This tunic emitted septa that penetrated the corpus cavernosum. The elastic fibers appeared transversely and longitudinally in the corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, and next to the neurovascular bundle of the penis. This structure was not different to that reported for other domestic ruminants such as cattle and buffaloes.(AU)

O pênis representa o órgão da cópula do macho. É fundamental que se conheça a biologia reprodutiva e a morfologia dos órgãos reprodutores para o incremento da produção animal. Com o objetivo de contribuir para este conhecimento e fornecer informações sobre a morfologia reprodutiva de ovinos, o propósito deste trabalho foi descrever a distribuição, com base na microscopia de luz, das fibras colágenas e elásticas no pênis de ovinos. Para tanto, foram coletados fragmentos transversais do pênis (raiz, flexura sigmoide, corpo e glande) de sete ovinos. Os exemplares foram fixados em paraformaldeído por 24h e destinados à rotina histológica. A matriz extracelular do pênis de ovinos estava constituída por fibras colágenas e elásticas. O pênis estava envolvido pela túnica albugínea, formada essencialmente por fibras colágenas, que estavam arranjadas em duas camadas: longitudinal externa e circular interna. Esta túnica emitiu septos que penetraram no corpo cavernoso. As fibras elásticas apareceram de modo transversal e longitudinal nos corpos cavernoso e esponjoso e junto ao feixe vásculo-nervoso do pênis de ovinos. Esta estrutura mostrou-se similar ao encontrado em outros ruminantes domésticos como bovinos e bubalinos.(AU)

Avaliação das fibras colágenas de feridas dérmicas de coelhos tratadas com diferentes fontes de plasma rico em plaquetas / Evaluation of collagen in dermal wounds of rabbits treated with different sources of platelet-rich plasma

Para comparar a regeneração tecidual de feridas dérmicas em coelhos tratados e não tratados, de forma seriada, com diferentes fontes de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) gel, biópsias dérmicas foram feitas na região dorsal, com auxílio de um punch de 8mm, em que o lado direito foi tratado com NaCl 0,9%® e o lado esquerdo recebeu aplicação de diferentes fontes de PRPs (autóloga, heteróloga e homóloga), nos dias zero, três, sete, 10, 14, tendo sido acompanhadas durante 17 dias. Ao final do 17º dia, foi realizada avaliação histopatológica das feridas. Do total de 24 animais, seis coelhos (três machos e três fêmeas) foram utilizados somente como doadores para obtenção do PRP homólogo gel. Um cão adulto, saudável, foi utilizado como doador durante o experimento para o preparo do PRP gel do grupo heterólogo. As médias das fibras dos grupos autólogo e homólogo foram muito semelhantes (75,0±13,7 e 73,1±10,2, respectivamente), quando comparadas às médias obtidas no grupo controle (71,5±10,8). Já as fibras colágenas do grupo heterólogo foram inferiores (P<0,05) às dos demais grupos (59,4±11,3). Conclui-se que a fonte heteróloga produz fibras colágenas menos organizadas e menos homogêneas, sendo o último recurso a ser utilizado para promover uma cicatrização de boa qualidade.(AU)

In order to compare the tissue regeneration of dermal wounds in treated and untreated rabbits serially with different sources of platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel, dermal biopsies were made in the dorsal region with the aid of an 8mm punch. The right side was treated with 0.9% NaCl and, on the left side, the different sources of PRPs (autologous, heterologous and homologous) on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 were applied and monitored for 17 days. At the end of the 17th day, histopathological evaluation of the wounds was performed. From the total of 24 animals, six rabbits (3 males and 3 females) were used only as donors to obtain the homologous PRP gel. A healthy, adult dog was used as a donor during the experiment to prepare the PRP gel from the heterologous group. The mean values of the fibers of the autologous and homologous groups were very similar (75.0±13.7 and 73.1±10.2, respectively), when compared to the means obtained in the control group (71.5±10.8). The collagen fibers of the heterologous group were inferior (P<0.05) to the other groups (59.4±11.3). It is concluded that the heterologous source produces less organized and homogeneous collagen fibers and should be the last resource to be used in order to promote good quality healing.(AU)

Effect of sitostero-3-O-glucoside on proliferation, apoptosis and collagen synthesis of keloid fibroblasts / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of sitostero-3-O-glucoside on proliferation, apoptosis and collagen synthesis of keloid fibroblasts ( KF) . Methods Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after cells were cultured with 0 (control), 3. 125, 6. 25, 12. 5, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL sitostero-3-O-glucoside. Cell proliferation was measured by EdU staining. Cell apoptotic rate and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. The level of COL I and COL III was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results 3. 125, 6. 25, 12. 5, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL sitostero-3-O-glucoside reduced cell viability ( P< 0. 01 ) , increased inhibitory rate of cell proliferation ( P< 0. 01 ) , IC50 =27. 54 ± 2. 18 μg/mL. Compared with the control group, 12. 5, 25, 50μg/mL sitostero-3-O-glucoside reduced the cell proliferation rate (P< 0. 01), increased the cell early and late apoptotic rates (P< 0. 01), the cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase (P< 0. 01), and the levels of COL I and COL III were down-regulated (P< 0. 01). Conclusions The results show that sitostero-3-O-glucoside can significantly inhibit the proliferation, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the synthesis of collagen of keloid fibroblasts.

The relationship between shear wave velocity and the ratio of typeⅠ/typeⅢ collagen fiber in the carotid plaques / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To assess the correlation between the shear wave velocity(SWV) and the ratio of type Ⅰ /type Ⅲ collagen fibers in plaques using virtual touch tissue imaging quantification(VTIQ).Methods Fifty four patients (54 plaques) who scheduled to carotid endarterectomy(CEA) were enrolled in this study.Their carotid plaques were preoperatively examined using VTIQ.The value of SWE of each plaque was obtained.The SWV of the plaque was evaluated by VTIQ.The endarterectomy specimens were transferred to the pathological department immediately after surgery to evaluate the plaque types and the distribution of collagen fibers in plaques.According to HE staining,the 54 plaques were divided into stable and unstable group.Results Among 54 plaques,14 were stable plaque and 40 were unstable plaques.The thickness and stenosis rate had no significant difference between stable group and unstable group (both P ＞ 0.05).The mean value of SWV and the ratio of type Ⅰ/typeⅢ collagen fiber in stable plaques were higher than those in the unstable plaques (both P ＜0.05).Based on ROC analysis,a cut-off value of SWE of 3.725 m/s (AUC=0.936) showed a sensitivity of 92.9％,a specificity of 80.0％ and an accuracy of 83.3％ for predicting stable plaques (95％ CI 0.818-0.982,P ＜0.05).The value of SWVs was closely correlated to the ratio of type Ⅰ/typeⅢ collagen fiber in plaques(r =0.882,P ＜0.05).Conclusions SWV of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque can be used to reflect the ratio of the type Ⅰ/typeⅢ collagen fiber in the plaques,and to evaluate the stability of plaque.

Morphological analysis of collagen and elastic fibers in oral squamous cell carcinoma using special stains and comparison with Broder’s and Bryne’s grading systems.

Objectives: Morphologic detection of connective tissue fiber changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using special stains remains less documented. The aims of the present study were to study the collagen and elastic fibers in different stages of OSCC and to correlate these changes with two grading systems ‑ Broder’s and Bryne’s. Study Design: Forty‑eight cases of OSCC were studied using hematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff’s ‑ Van Gieson stain for elastic fibers and picrosirius red stain for collagen fibers. The changes were compared with all the grades of carcinoma. Normal mucosa was taken as control. Results: Statistical analysis using Chi‑square and ANOVA, showed significant association between the grades of carcinoma and extracellular matrix changes. Greenish‑yellow collagen fibers were found to be significantly increased in the poorly differentiated/Grade 3 cases (P < 0.0001) where as well‑differentiated/Grade 1 cases showed predominantly reddish‑orange and yellowish‑orange birefringence of collagen fibers. Chi‑square analysis showed a significant amount of fragmented pattern of elastic fibers in poorly differentiated OSCC (χ2 = 104.45, P = 0.009)/Grade 3 OSCC (χ2 = 94.81, P = 0.016). Conclusion: The study of the connective tissue stromal changes can be used as an adjunct to histological grading and thereby helping the surgeon to determine the amount of marginal clearance.

Microanatomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in relation to inguinal ligament and its clinical importance / Microanatomia do nervo cutâneo femoral lateral em relação ao ligamento inguinal e sua importância clínica

BACKGROUND: A better knowledge of the composition and properties of connective tissue related to the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) and to the Inguinal Ligament may be important to understand the diagnosis and treatment applicable to injuries such as meralgia paresthetica. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative amounts of the non-fascicular components in the following areas: (i) proximal to the inguinal ligament [LFCN-1], (ii) deep to the inguinal ligament [LFCN-2], or (iii) distal to LFCN-2 [LFCN-3]. These amounts were discriminated as adipose [FAT] and non-adipose (connective) [NON-FAT] tissues. METHOD: Samples of LFCN-1, LFCN-2 and LFCN-3 from 21 human cadaveric samples were used. Paraffin sections of these structures were processed by Masson's trichrome stain for connective tissue. The number of fascicles was counted in each of these structures; FAT and NON-FAT areas were determined in the non-fascicular areas of the structures. RESULTS: There were more fascicles in LFCN-3 vs. LFCN-1 or LFCN-2; there was more NON-FAT vs. FAT in LFCN-2 vs. LFCN-1 and LFCN-3; inversely, there was more FAT vs. NON-FAT in LFCN-3 vs. LFCN-1 and LFCN-2. All of these comparisons were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The presence of a higher content of NON-FAT in LFCN-2 and FAT in LFCN-3 may help to explain meralgia paresthetica resulting from compression or focal entrapment of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve as it passes deep relative to the inguinal ligament.

TEMA: Um melhor conhecimento da composição e propriedades do tecido conjuntivo relacionadas ao Nervo Cutâneo Femoral Lateral (NCFL) e ao Ligamento Inguinal pode ser importante para compreender o diagnóstico e o tratamento aplicável a lesões como a meralgia parestética. OBJETIVO: Determinar as quantidades relativas dos componentes não-fasciculares nas seguintes áreas: (i) proximal ao ligamento inguinal [NCFL-1], (ii) em profundidade ao ligamento inguinal [NCFL-2], ou (iii) distal a NCFL-2 [NCFL-3]. Esses valores foram discriminados como tecido conjuntivo adiposo [FAT] ou não-adiposo [NON_FAT]. MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas amostras de NCFL-1, NCFL-2 e NCFL-3 a partir de 21 amostras de cadáveres humanos. As secções em parafina destas estruturas foram processadas por coloração Masson para tecido conjuntivo. O número de fascículos foi contado em cada uma destas estruturas; áreas de gordura e sem gordura foram determinadas nas áreas não-fasciculares das estruturas. RESULTADOS: Foram contados mais fascículos em NCFL-3 vs. NCFL-1 ou NCFL-2; havia mais NON-FAT vs. FAT em NCFL-2 vs. NCFL-1 e NCFL-3; inversamente, houve mais FAT vs. NON-FAT em NCFL-3 vs. NCFL-1 e NCFL-2. Todas estas comparações foram estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de um maior teor de NONFAT em NCFL-2 e FAT em NCFL-3 pode ajudar a explicar o aparecimento de paresthetica meralgia resultante da compressão ou encarceramento focal do Nervo Cutâneo Femoral Lateral que passa profundamente ao ligamento inguinal.

Histological and biochemical study of the superficial abdominal fascia and its implication in obesity / 대한해부학회지

The advancement of liposculpturing and fascial flaps in reconstructive surgery has renewed interest in the superficial fascia of abdomen. Its histological and biochemical composition may play a vital role in maintaining strength and elasticity of the fascia. Hence, study of abdominal fascia for the elastic, collagen, and hydroxyproline contents is desirable to understand asymmetrical bulges and skin folds and in improving surgical treatment of obesity. Samples of superficial fascia were collected from of upper and lower abdomen from 21 fresh cadavers (15 males and 6 females). Samples were stained using Verhoeff–Van Gieson stain. Digital images of superficial fascia were analyzed using TissueQuant software. The samples were also subjected to hydroxyproline estimation. The superficial fascia was formed by loosely packed collagen fibers mixed with abundant elastic fibers and adipose tissue. Elastic contents and collagen contents of superficial fascia were significantly more in the upper abdomen than that in the lower abdomen in males. Hydroxyproline content of superficial fascia of upper abdomen was significantly more than that of lower abdomen in both males and females. The elastic, collagen and hydroxyproline contents of superficial fascia of upper abdomen were higher compared to the lower abdomen. This may be a reason for asymmetric bulging over abdomen and more sagging fold of skin in the lower abdomen than in the upper abdomen. This study may therefore be helpful in finding new ways to manage obesity and other body contour deformities.

Comparative investigation of the fetus and adult joint ligament in the knee and elbow with structural levels / Investigación comparativa del ligamento conjunto de rodilla y codo con niveles estructurales en fetos y adultos

The aim of this study was to examine and compare fetal and adult knee and elbow joint ligaments and determine histologically how these ligaments change over time. In addition, the images of fetal and adult joint ligaments were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study was conducted on 10 male fetus ranging from ages 14 to 17.5 weeks, two adult male cadavers obtained from Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anatomy and MR images of the knee and elbow regions of 10 male adults obtained from Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital between 2009 and 2011. In the present study, the sections taken from knee and elbow of ten 14­17.5 week old fetuses and the ligaments of tissue taken from the knee and elbow of two male cadavers using the same method of dissection were monitored. After monitoring tissue, microtome sections taken from paraffin-embedded structures were stained using the Masson-Trichrom and Orcein-Picroindigocarmine staining method. These sections were examined under a microscope and photographed. The images of 17 week old fetuses and the knee and elbow of the adults were obtained with MRI. The differences detected between adult and fetus ligaments consisted of fibroblast density and collagen thickness, density and waves. Although the fetus ligaments were not seen sufficiently with 1.5 Tesla (T) MR, they were seen very clearly with 3 T MR. Structural differences between adult and fetal ligaments revealed in histological and MRI images.

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar y comparar los ligamentos de la articulación de la rodilla y del codo en fetos y adultos y determinar histológicamente como estos ligamentos cambian con el tiempo. Además, las imágenes de los ligamentos de las articulaciones fetales y adultas se examinaron con imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM). Fueron utilizados 10 fetos masculinos entre 14 y 17,5 semanas, y dos cadáveres adultos masculinos obtenidos del Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Gazi junto con las IRM de las regiones de la rodilla y del codo de 10 hombres adultos obtenidos de Atatürk Educativa y del Hospital de Investigación entre los años 2009 y 2011. Para las secciones de rodilla y codo de los diez fetos y de los cadáveres masculinos se utilizó el mismo método de disección. Después de procesar los tejidos e incluirlos en parafina, se obtuvieron cortes en micrótomo los cuales fueron posteriormente teñidos con Tricrómico de Masson y Orceína-picro-índigo Carmín. Las secciones fueron fotografiadas y examinadas bajo microscopio. Se obtuvieron IRM del codo y de la rodilla de los fetos y adultos. Las diferencias encontradas entre los ligamentos de adultos y fetos estaban en relación a la densidad de fibroblastos y espesor de colágeno. Aunque no fue posible observar los ligamentos fetales con 1,5 Tesla (T) MR, se observaron claramente con 3 T MR. Las diferencias estructurales entre los ligamentos fetales y adultos se observan tanto a nivel histológico y de resonancia magnética.

Influence of hyperprolactinemia on collagen fibers in the lacrimal gland of female mice

OBJECTIVE:To quantify the collagen fibers in the lacrimal gland of female mice with hyperprolactinemia.METHODS:Forty adult female mice were randomly divided into two groups with 20 animals each: nonpregnant control (CTR1, control group, 0.2 mL of saline solution) and nonpregnant experimental (HPRL1, experimental group, 200 µg/day metoclopramide). Treatments lasted for 50 consecutive days. On day 50, 10 females from each group (control and experimental) were euthanized in the proestrus phase; then, the blood was collected and the lacrimal glands were removed. Thereafter, the remaining females were placed with the mates and continued to receive treatment with saline solution or metoclopramide. On the 6th post-coital day, 10 pregnant females from the control group (CTR2) and 10 pregnant females from the experimental group (HPRL2) were euthanized, after which blood was collected and the lacrimal glands removed. The lacrimal glands were processed for morphological analyses and collagen quantification, and prolactin and sex steroid levels were measured in the blood samples. Data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired Student t test (p<0.05).RESULTS:Morphological analysis revealed greater structural tissue disorganization of the lacrimal glands in the metoclopramide-treated groups. The total collagen content was significantly higher in the HPRL1 group than in the CTR1 group (p<0.05), whereas the difference between the CTR2 and HPRL2 groups was not significant.CONCLUSION:Our data suggest an impairment in the functioning of the lacrimal gland as a consequence of increased prolactin levels and decreased serum levels of estrogen and progesterone.

The expression of collagen fibers,NCAM1 and RUNX1 in blood-supply myocardium of myocardial bridge / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the express of collagen fibers ,NCAM11 and RUNX1 in blood-supply myocardium of myo-cardial bridge(MB) .Methods The Massion′s staining were conducted to reveal the morphology of collagen fibers in blood-supply myocardium among MB without artherosclerosis(group A) ,MB with artherosclerosis(group B) ,coronary artery disease(group C) , and non-cardiogenic instantly death(group D) .The expression level of NCAM1 and RUNX1 were detected among four groups using immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Western bolt ,respectively .Results There were a lot of collagen fibers in myocardium interstitial substance and/or heart muscle necrosis between group B and C ,but not almost collagen fibers between group A and D .The expres-sion of NCAM1 was positive in group B ,and mainly expressed on the cytoplasm and membranes of cardiac myocytes by IHC .group C was similar to results in vicinal myocardium with myocardial scar .However ,there was quite lowness or negative expression of NCAM1 in group A and D .Significant difference was found between group B as well as C and group A as well as D (P<0 .05) .The expression level of RUNX1 in blood-supply myocardium was almost like to the results of NCAM 1 .Conclusion MB with arthero-sclerosis might be lead to chronic myocardial ischemia .

Effects of resistance exercise on ascendent aorta on ovariectomized elderly rats

Studies have shown a strong relationship between menopause, diet, physical inactivity and presence of risk factors causing endothelial and tissue damages, leading to increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of resistance training on the effects of estrogen deprivation in aortic collagen and elastic tissue in aging. Fifteen Wistar female rats, 4 months-old, average weight 240 g were studied. All animals were ovariectomized at 6 months of age, after divided into 3 groups (n = 5): Sedentary adult (13 months), Sedentary old and Trained old (both with 17 months). All animals were ovariectomized at 6 months of age. The animals were observed for 8 months after its ovariectomy and then submitted to resistance training protocol during 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment the animals were euthanized. Samples of the ascending aorta were sectioned, fixed, processed and stained for examination by light microscopy. Photomicrographs were used for stereological study and analyzed the following parameters: body weight, volume density of collagen fibers and elastic lamellae. No significant difference was found between the initial and final weights in the studied groups. Resistance training attenuates the increase in volume density of elastic lamellae (21%) and collagen fibers (16%), when compared with the sedentary older group.

Non-ablative photorejuvenation by using radio frequency: an in vivo experiment study / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To evaluate the change of the amount of collagen in the viemedic RF ASC01IC non-ablative photorejuveantion,in order to provide reference for effective clinical treatment.Methods Twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups,with ten rats in each group.The rats'skin was dividied into two areas by spine.The left side was used as control,and the right side was experiment side,which was treated with RF by viemedic RF ASC011C for five times at interval of seven days,and ten minutes in each time.The content of collagen in the dermis was measured by immunohistochemical method,the thickness of collagen bundles in the dermis was measured under HE staining and the quantity of collagen fibers was compared by collagen fibers staining.Results Epidermis was more smooth,the collagen fiber was thicker and the content of fibroblasts,collagen was higher in experiment side.Image quantitative analysis showed significant improvement in area density of collagen fibers.Conclusions RF is a very safe and effective method for non-ablative photorejuvnation.

Stromal differences in odontogenic cysts of a common histopathogenesis but with different biological behavior: A study with picrosirius red and polarizing microscopy.

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to detect and compare the pattern of collagen fibers in odontogenic cysts and also to find out if this methodology could be used to predict the aggressive nature of odontogenic cysts by comparing with the odontogenic tumors. Materials and Methods: The collagen in the wall of 11 odontogenic keratocysts, 14 dentigerous cysts and 14 radicular cysts was studied histochemically by staining sections with picrosirius red and examining under polarizing microscope. This was compared to 10 cases of odontogenic tumors using Z test of proportion at 1% and 5%. Results: In dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and odontogenic tumors, the predominant color of collagen fibers birefringence was found to be orangish red, whereas in radicular cysts the collagen fiber was of green color. Conclusions: Similar birefringence pattern of collagen fibers between dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and odontogenic tumors may indicate that these lesions have a common histogenesis with a broad spectrum of biological behavior and belong to the same group, i.e., are developmental in origin. Different patterns of radicular cysts suggest different biological behavior and a positive role of inflammation on polarization color of collagen fibers.

Evaluación histológica e histoquímica de las fibras colágenas y elásticas de los tejidos de la ATM humana / Histological and histochemical evaluation of collagen and elastic fibers in human TMJ tissue

Se estudió la cantidad y distribución de las fibras colágenas y elásticas de los distintos tejidos que conforman la articulación témporomandibular humana (ATM). Se utilizaron diecisiete ATMs humanas. Las muestras fueron procesadas con técnicas histológicas e histoquímicas. Al evaluar la morfología articular, ocho presentaron características histológicas normales y nueve alteradas. La cantidad y distribución de fibras elásticas varió para cada tejido articular en estudio, siendo notable la cantidad de fibras elásticas en la zona anterior y retrodiscal. Se determinó gran cantidad de fibras colágenas tipo I en todos los tejidos articulares. Entre los manojos de colágeno I se encontraron fibras de colágeno tipo III. Estos hallazgos nos indican que la cantidad y distribución de estas fibras están relacionadas con el rol funcional de los tejidos articulares donde ellas se encuentran. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cantidad de fibras elásticas, colágenas tipo I y III entre los tejidos conectivos evaluados en articulaciones sanas y enfermas.

The quantity and distribution of collagen and elastic fibers of seventeen human TMJ tissues were studied. Histological and histochemical methods were used. The histological evaluation showed eight TMJs with normal morphology and nine with joint tissue alterations. Elastic fibers amount and distribution was different in every analyzed articular tissue, noting the amount of elastic fibers in the anterior and retrodiscal zones. A great quantity of type I collagen fibers was found in all the joint tissues. Type III collagen fibers were found among the type I collagen bundles. These findings suggest a relationship between function and the amount and distribution of these fibers. No significant difference was found in the quantity of elastic, collagen type I and III fibers among the connective tissues in healthy and sick joints.